Dysmenorrhea, is the pain or cramps during or just before a menstrual period. Commonly Dysmenorrhea is caused by too much of prostaglandin although factors such as stress, strain, overwork, tiredness, major fluctuations in weight can be caused. While the menstrual cycle begins, the endometrial cells as they are shed from the uterine lining release prostaglandins which causing the uterine muscles to contract. If too much prostaglandin is present, the normal contraction response can become a strong and painful spasm in uterine. And then, the blood flow is cut off temporarily, depriving the uterine muscle of oxygen and thus causing a cramp. The cramps themselves help push out the menstrual discharge.
There are two types of dysmenorrhea, primary and secondary dysmenorrhea. Caled Primary dysmenorrhea when pelvic pain and cramping that is caused by menstruation alone. It is common in girls who have just started menstruating. Most girls with Primary dysmenorrhea do not have a serious disease, even though the cramps can be severe. Secondary dysmenorrhea is pelvic pain and cramping that is caused by a specific disorder, The condition usually occurs in older women. The pain is sometimes caused by a disease or situation such as endometriosis, PID, ovarian cysts, fibroids, ect.
For treatment of primary dysmenorrhea, For some women, taking a warm bath or using a heating pad helps ease their painful spasm. Some over-the-counter pain medicines can also help with these symptoms. They include:Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen, Naproxen. These drugs inhibit synthesis of prostaglandins, lessen the contractions of the uterus and reduce the menstrual flow. These drugs should be started at the onset of bleeding to avoid unintended use during early pregnancy. Excessive prostaglandin release is also responsible for contraction of the smooth muscle in the intestinal tract; diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, headache and dizziness.
Treatment of secondary dysmenorrhea depends on the cause. Endometriosis is the most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea. The treatment methods vary from conservative drug therapy (androgens, progestins, oral contraceptives and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists) to surgical procedures.If the problem is adenomyosis, a hysterectomy may be necessary. Pelvic inflammatory disease may be treated with antibiotics. Uterine fibroids, fibroid tumors and pelvic tumors are often treated surgically. Cervical narrowing can be corrected with surgery as well.
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